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Lucius Annaeus Seneca, commonly known as Seneca the Younger, was a prominent Roman philosopher, statesman, and playwright, born around 4 BCE in Corduba (modern-day Córdoba, Spain) and died in 65 CE in Rome. A leading figure of Stoicism, he is best known for his philosophical writings, including essays and letters that explore ethics, morality, and the human condition. His notable works include Letters to Lucilius, a collection of moral epistles, and tragedies such as Medea and Phaedra.

Seneca served as a tutor and advisor to Emperor Nero, attempting to guide him towards a more virtuous rule. However, their relationship deteriorated, leading to Seneca’s forced suicide after being implicated in a conspiracy against Nero. Throughout his life, he emphasized the importance of reason and virtue, advocating for resilience in the face of adversity. His writings have had a lasting influence on Western thought and literature, particularly during the Renaissance when Stoic philosophy experienced a revival. Seneca’s legacy endures through his profound insights into ethics and the human experience.